The central nervous system is an awe-inspiring nexus of the brain and spinal cord. It consists of the nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is where the body processes data and information. The brain controls most of the functions of the body, including the 5 senses and other things. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain. It carries messages from the brain to other networks in the body. Nerves connect the spinal cord to a part of the brain called the brainstem.
The nervous system is made up of neurons. Neuron consists of many parts. The cell body, aka soma, is the core section of the neuron. The axon is a long, tail-like structure. Dendrites are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. There are many types of neurons, such as unipolar, pyramidal, multipolar, bipolar, etc. Neurons found in the nervous system can be divided in to three classes: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
Neurons work by sending signals using action potentials. An action potential is a shift in the neuron's potential electric energy. When action potential is reached, neurons begin to activity and transfer of messages occur. Synapses are locations where neurons can pass electrical and chemical messages.
The brain is made up of different parts. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It controls intelligence, memory, emotion, speech, etc. The cerebrum is divided into the left and right hemisphere, and it is liked by a band of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. The hemispheres are also each divided into 4 lobes: the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe controls movement, speech, memory, mood, etc. The temporal lobe plays an important part in memory, hearing, speech and language. The parietal lobes play an important part in taste, touch, temperature and pain. The occipital lobes are vital for being able to see clearly.
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